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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="The base dispatch logger."><meta name="keywords" content="rust, rustlang, rust-lang, Dispatch"><title>Dispatch in fern - Rust</title><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../SourceSerif4-Regular.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../FiraSans-Regular.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../FiraSans-Medium.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../SourceCodePro-Regular.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../SourceSerif4-Bold.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../SourceCodePro-Semibold.ttf.woff2"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../normalize.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../rustdoc.css" id="mainThemeStyle"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../ayu.css" disabled><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../dark.css" disabled><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../light.css" id="themeStyle"><script id="default-settings" ></script><script src="../storage.js"></script><script src="../crates.js"></script><script defer src="../main.js"></script>
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</a><h2 class="location">Struct Dispatch</h2><div class="sidebar-elems"><div class="block items"><h3 class="sidebar-title"><a href="#implementations">Methods</a></h3><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#method.apply">apply</a><a href="#method.chain">chain</a><a href="#method.filter">filter</a><a href="#method.format">format</a><a href="#method.into_log">into_log</a><a href="#method.into_shared">into_shared</a><a href="#method.level">level</a><a href="#method.level_for">level_for</a><a href="#method.new">new</a></div><h3 class="sidebar-title"><a href="#trait-implementations">Trait Implementations</a></h3><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#impl-Debug">Debug</a><a href="#impl-Default">Default</a><a href="#impl-From%3CDispatch%3E">From&lt;Dispatch&gt;</a></div><h3 class="sidebar-title"><a href="#synthetic-implementations">Auto Trait Implementations</a></h3><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#impl-RefUnwindSafe">!RefUnwindSafe</a><a href="#impl-Send">Send</a><a href="#impl-Sync">!Sync</a><a href="#impl-Unpin">Unpin</a><a href="#impl-UnwindSafe">!UnwindSafe</a></div><h3 class="sidebar-title"><a href="#blanket-implementations">Blanket Implementations</a></h3><div class="sidebar-links"><a href="#impl-Any">Any</a><a href="#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E">Borrow&lt;T&gt;</a><a href="#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E">BorrowMut&lt;T&gt;</a><a href="#impl-From%3CT%3E">From&lt;T&gt;</a><a href="#impl-Into%3CU%3E">Into&lt;U&gt;</a><a href="#impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E">TryFrom&lt;U&gt;</a><a href="#impl-TryInto%3CU%3E">TryInto&lt;U&gt;</a></div></div><h2 class="location">Other items in<br><a href="index.html">fern</a></h2><div id="sidebar-vars" data-name="Dispatch" data-ty="struct" data-relpath=""></div><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script></div></nav><main><div class="width-limiter"><div class="sub-container"><a class="sub-logo-container" href="../fern/index.html"><img class="rust-logo" src="../rust-logo.png" alt="logo"></a><nav class="sub"><div class="theme-picker"><button id="theme-picker" aria-label="Pick another theme!" aria-haspopup="menu" title="themes"><img width="18" height="18" alt="Pick another theme!" src="../brush.svg"></button><div id="theme-choices" role="menu"></div></div><form class="search-form"><div class="search-container"><div><select id="crate-search"><option value="All crates">All crates</option></select><input class="search-input" name="search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"></div><button type="button" id="help-button" title="help">?</button><a id="settings-menu" href="../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="18" height="18" alt="Change settings" src="../wheel.svg"></a></div></form></nav></div><section id="main-content" class="content"><h1 class="fqn"><span class="in-band">Struct <a href="index.html">fern</a>::<wbr><a class="struct" href="#">Dispatch</a><button id="copy-path" onclick="copy_path(this)" title="Copy item path to clipboard"><img src="../clipboard.svg" width="19" height="18" alt="Copy item path"></button></span><span class="out-of-band"><span id="render-detail"><a id="toggle-all-docs" href="javascript:void(0)" title="collapse all docs">[<span class="inner">&#x2212;</span>]</a></span><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#98-104" title="goto source code">[src]</a></span></h1><div class="docblock item-decl"><pre class="rust struct"><code>pub struct Dispatch { /* fields omitted */ }</code></pre></div><details class="rustdoc-toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>The base dispatch logger.</p>
<p>This allows for formatting log records, limiting what records can be passed
through, and then dispatching records to other dispatch loggers or output
loggers.</p>
<p>Note that all methods are position-insensitive.
<code>Dispatch::new().format(a).chain(b)</code> produces the exact same result
as <code>Dispatch::new().chain(b).format(a)</code>. Given this, it is preferred to put
‘format’ and other modifiers before ‘chain’ for the sake of clarity.</p>
<p>Example usage demonstrating all features:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">std</span>::{<span class="ident">fs</span>, <span class="ident">io</span>};
<span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>()
.<span class="ident">format</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">out</span>, <span class="ident">message</span>, <span class="ident">record</span><span class="op">|</span> {
<span class="ident">out</span>.<span class="ident">finish</span>(<span class="macro">format_args!</span>(
<span class="string">&quot;[{}][{}] {}&quot;</span>,
<span class="ident">record</span>.<span class="ident">level</span>(),
<span class="ident">record</span>.<span class="ident">target</span>(),
<span class="ident">message</span>,
))
})
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(
<span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>()
<span class="comment">// by default only accept warn messages</span>
.<span class="ident">level</span>(<span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Warn</span>)
<span class="comment">// accept info messages from the current crate too</span>
.<span class="ident">level_for</span>(<span class="string">&quot;my_crate&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Info</span>)
<span class="comment">// `io::Stdout`, `io::Stderr` and `io::File` can be directly passed in.</span>
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">io::stdout</span>()),
)
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(
<span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>()
<span class="comment">// output all messages</span>
.<span class="ident">level</span>(<span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Trace</span>)
<span class="comment">// except for hyper, in that case only show info messages</span>
.<span class="ident">level_for</span>(<span class="string">&quot;hyper&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Info</span>)
<span class="comment">// `log_file(x)` equates to</span>
<span class="comment">// `OpenOptions::new().write(true).append(true).create(true).open(x)`</span>
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">fern::log_file</span>(<span class="string">&quot;persistent-log.log&quot;</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>)
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(
<span class="ident">fs::OpenOptions::new</span>()
.<span class="ident">write</span>(<span class="bool-val">true</span>)
.<span class="ident">create</span>(<span class="bool-val">true</span>)
.<span class="ident">truncate</span>(<span class="bool-val">true</span>)
.<span class="ident">create</span>(<span class="bool-val">true</span>)
.<span class="ident">open</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/tmp/temp.log&quot;</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>,
),
)
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(
<span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>()
.<span class="ident">level</span>(<span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Error</span>)
.<span class="ident">filter</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">_meta_data</span><span class="op">|</span> {
<span class="comment">// as an example, randomly reject half of the messages</span>
<span class="ident">rand::random</span>()
})
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">io::stderr</span>()),
)
<span class="comment">// and finally, set as the global logger!</span>
.<span class="ident">apply</span>()<span class="question-mark">?</span>;</code></pre></div>
</div></details><h2 id="implementations" class="small-section-header">Implementations<a href="#implementations" class="anchor"></a></h2><details class="rustdoc-toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><div id="impl" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#121-612" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#impl" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl <a class="struct" href="struct.Dispatch.html" title="struct fern::Dispatch">Dispatch</a></h3></div></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.new" class="method has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#124-132" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.new" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.new" class="fnname">new</a>() -&gt; Self</h4></div></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Creates a dispatch, which will initially do nothing.</p>
</div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.format" class="method has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#168-174" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.format" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.format" class="fnname">format</a>&lt;F&gt;(self, formatter: F) -&gt; Self <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/ops/function/trait.Fn.html" title="trait core::ops::function::Fn">Fn</a>(<a class="struct" href="struct.FormatCallback.html" title="struct fern::FormatCallback">FormatCallback</a>&lt;'_&gt;, &amp;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/fmt/struct.Arguments.html" title="struct core::fmt::Arguments">Arguments</a>&lt;'_&gt;, &amp;<a class="struct" href="../log/struct.Record.html" title="struct log::Record">Record</a>&lt;'_&gt;) + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + 'static,&nbsp;</span></h4></div></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Sets the formatter of this dispatch. The closure should accept a
callback, a message and a log record, and write the resulting
format to the writer.</p>
<p>The log record is passed for completeness, but the <code>args()</code> method of
the record should be ignored, and the <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/struct.Arguments.html"><code>fmt::Arguments</code></a> given
should be used instead. <code>record.args()</code> may be used to retrieve the
<em>original</em> log message, but in order to allow for true log
chaining, formatters should use the given message instead whenever
including the message in the output.</p>
<p>To avoid all allocation of intermediate results, the formatter is
“completed” by calling a callback, which then calls the rest of the
logging chain with the new formatted message. The callback object keeps
track of if it was called or not via a stack boolean as well, so if
you don’t use <code>out.finish</code> the log message will continue down
the logger chain unformatted.</p>
<p>Example usage:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>().<span class="ident">format</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">out</span>, <span class="ident">message</span>, <span class="ident">record</span><span class="op">|</span> {
<span class="ident">out</span>.<span class="ident">finish</span>(<span class="macro">format_args!</span>(
<span class="string">&quot;[{}][{}] {}&quot;</span>,
<span class="ident">record</span>.<span class="ident">level</span>(),
<span class="ident">record</span>.<span class="ident">target</span>(),
<span class="ident">message</span>
))
})</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.chain" class="method has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#195-198" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.chain" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.chain" class="fnname">chain</a>&lt;T:&nbsp;<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="struct.Output.html" title="struct fern::Output">Output</a>&gt;&gt;(self, logger: T) -&gt; Self</h4></div></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Adds a child to this dispatch.</p>
<p>All log records which pass all filters will be formatted and then sent
to all child loggers in sequence.</p>
<p>Note: If the child logger is also a Dispatch, and cannot accept any log
records, it will be dropped. This only happens if the child either
has no children itself, or has a minimum log level of
<a href="https://docs.rs/log/0.4/log/enum.LevelFilter.html#variant.Off"><code>LevelFilter::Off</code></a>.</p>
<p>Example usage:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>().<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>().<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">std::io::stdout</span>()))</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.level" class="method has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#221-224" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.level" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.level" class="fnname">level</a>(self, level: <a class="enum" href="../log/enum.LevelFilter.html" title="enum log::LevelFilter">LevelFilter</a>) -&gt; Self</h4></div></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Sets the overarching level filter for this logger. All messages not
already filtered by something set by <a href="#method.level_for"><code>Dispatch::level_for</code></a> will
be affected.</p>
<p>All messages filtered will be discarded if less severe than the given
level.</p>
<p>Default level is <a href="https://docs.rs/log/0.4/log/enum.LevelFilter.html#variant.Trace"><code>LevelFilter::Trace</code></a>.</p>
<p>Example usage:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>().<span class="ident">level</span>(<span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Info</span>)</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.level_for" class="method has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#283-301" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.level_for" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.level_for" class="fnname">level_for</a>&lt;T:&nbsp;<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a>&lt;<a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/alloc/borrow/enum.Cow.html" title="enum alloc::borrow::Cow">Cow</a>&lt;'static, <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/std/primitive.str.html">str</a>&gt;&gt;&gt;(<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;self, <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;module: T, <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;level: <a class="enum" href="../log/enum.LevelFilter.html" title="enum log::LevelFilter">LevelFilter</a><br>) -&gt; Self</h4></div></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Sets a per-target log level filter. Default target for log messages is
<code>crate_name::module_name</code> or
<code>crate_name</code> for logs in the crate root. Targets can also be set with
<code>info!(target: &quot;target-name&quot;, ...)</code>.</p>
<p>For each log record fern will first try to match the most specific
level_for, and then progressively more general ones until either a
matching level is found, or the default level is used.</p>
<p>For example, a log for the target <code>hyper::http::h1</code> will first test a
level_for for <code>hyper::http::h1</code>, then for <code>hyper::http</code>, then for
<code>hyper</code>, then use the default level.</p>
<p>Examples:</p>
<p>A program wants to include a lot of debugging output, but the library
“hyper” is known to work well, so debug output from it should be
excluded:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>()
.<span class="ident">level</span>(<span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Trace</span>)
.<span class="ident">level_for</span>(<span class="string">&quot;hyper&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Info</span>)</code></pre></div>
<p>A program has a ton of debug output per-module, but there is so much
that debugging more than one module at a time is not very useful.
The command line accepts a list of modules to debug, while keeping the
rest of the program at info level:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">setup_logging</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">T</span>, <span class="ident">I</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="ident">verbose_modules</span>: <span class="ident">T</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span>(), <span class="ident">fern::InitError</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>
<span class="kw">where</span>
<span class="ident">I</span>: <span class="ident">AsRef</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">str</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>,
<span class="ident">T</span>: <span class="ident">IntoIterator</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Item</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">I</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>,
{
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">config</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>().<span class="ident">level</span>(<span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Info</span>);
<span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">module_name</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="ident">verbose_modules</span> {
<span class="ident">config</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">config</span>.<span class="ident">level_for</span>(
<span class="macro">format!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;my_crate_name::{}&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">module_name</span>.<span class="ident">as_ref</span>()),
<span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Debug</span>,
);
}
<span class="ident">config</span>.<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">std::io::stdout</span>()).<span class="ident">apply</span>()<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
}</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.filter" class="method has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#339-345" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.filter" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.filter" class="fnname">filter</a>&lt;F&gt;(self, filter: F) -&gt; Self <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/ops/function/trait.Fn.html" title="trait core::ops::function::Fn">Fn</a>(&amp;<a class="struct" href="../log/struct.Metadata.html" title="struct log::Metadata">Metadata</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/std/primitive.bool.html">bool</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + 'static,&nbsp;</span></h4></div></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Adds a custom filter which can reject messages passing through this
logger.</p>
<p>The logger will continue to process log records only if all filters
return <code>true</code>.</p>
<p><a href="#method.level"><code>Dispatch::level</code></a> and <a href="#method.level_for"><code>Dispatch::level_for</code></a> are preferred if
applicable.</p>
<p>Example usage:</p>
<p>This sends error level messages to stderr and others to stdout.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>()
.<span class="ident">level</span>(<span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Info</span>)
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(
<span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>()
.<span class="ident">filter</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">metadata</span><span class="op">|</span> {
<span class="comment">// Reject messages with the `Error` log level.</span>
<span class="ident">metadata</span>.<span class="ident">level</span>() <span class="op">!</span><span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Error</span>
})
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">std::io::stderr</span>()),
)
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(
<span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>()
.<span class="ident">level</span>(<span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Error</span>)
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">std::io::stdout</span>()),
)</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.into_shared" class="method has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#391-398" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.into_shared" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.into_shared" class="fnname">into_shared</a>(self) -&gt; SharedDispatch</h4></div></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Builds this dispatch and stores it in a clonable structure containing
an <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"><code>Arc</code></a>.</p>
<p>Once “shared”, the dispatch can be used as an output for multiple other
dispatch loggers.</p>
<p>Example usage:</p>
<p>This separates info and warn messages, sending info to stdout + a log
file, and warn to stderr + the same log file. Shared is used so the
program only opens “file.log” once.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code>
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">file_out</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>()
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">fern::log_file</span>(<span class="string">&quot;file.log&quot;</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>)
.<span class="ident">into_shared</span>();
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">info_out</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>()
.<span class="ident">level</span>(<span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Debug</span>)
.<span class="ident">filter</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">metadata</span><span class="op">|</span>
<span class="comment">// keep only info and debug (reject warn and error)</span>
<span class="ident">metadata</span>.<span class="ident">level</span>() <span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">log::Level::Info</span>)
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">std::io::stdout</span>())
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">file_out</span>.<span class="ident">clone</span>());
<span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">warn_out</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>()
.<span class="ident">level</span>(<span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Warn</span>)
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">std::io::stderr</span>())
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">file_out</span>);
<span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>()
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">info_out</span>)
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">warn_out</span>)
.<span class="ident">apply</span>();
</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.into_log" class="method has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#587-594" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.into_log" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.into_log" class="fnname">into_log</a>(self) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/std/primitive.tuple.html">(</a><a class="enum" href="../log/enum.LevelFilter.html" title="enum log::LevelFilter">LevelFilter</a>, <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html" title="struct alloc::boxed::Box">Box</a>&lt;dyn <a class="trait" href="../log/trait.Log.html" title="trait log::Log">Log</a>&gt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/std/primitive.tuple.html">)</a></h4></div></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Builds this logger into a <code>Box&lt;log::Log&gt;</code> and calculates the minimum
log level needed to have any effect.</p>
<p>While this method is exposed publicly, <a href="#method.apply"><code>Dispatch::apply</code></a> is typically
used instead.</p>
<p>The returned LevelFilter is a calculation for all level filters of this
logger and child loggers, and is the minimum log level needed to
for a record to have any chance of passing through this logger.</p>
<p>Example usage:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">let</span> (<span class="ident">min_level</span>, <span class="ident">log</span>) <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">fern::Dispatch::new</span>()
.<span class="ident">level</span>(<span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Info</span>)
.<span class="ident">chain</span>(<span class="ident">std::io::stdout</span>())
.<span class="ident">into_log</span>();
<span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">min_level</span>, <span class="ident">log::LevelFilter::Info</span>);</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.apply" class="method has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#604-611" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.apply" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.apply" class="fnname">apply</a>(self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/std/primitive.unit.html">()</a>, <a class="struct" href="../log/struct.SetLoggerError.html" title="struct log::SetLoggerError">SetLoggerError</a>&gt;</h4></div></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Builds this logger and instantiates it as the global <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/log"><code>log</code></a> logger.</p>
<h5 id="errors" class="section-header"><a href="#errors">Errors:</a></h5>
<p>This function will return an error if a global logger has already been
set to a previous logger.</p>
</div></details></div></details><h2 id="trait-implementations" class="small-section-header">Trait Implementations<a href="#trait-implementations" class="anchor"></a></h2><div id="trait-implementations-list"><details class="rustdoc-toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><div id="impl-Debug" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#1161-1190" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#impl-Debug" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html" title="trait core::fmt::Debug">Debug</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Dispatch.html" title="struct fern::Dispatch">Dispatch</a></h3></div></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.fmt" class="method trait-impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#1162-1189" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.fmt" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt" class="fnname">fmt</a>(&amp;self, f: &amp;mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html" title="struct core::fmt::Formatter">Formatter</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/fmt/type.Result.html" title="type core::fmt::Result">Result</a></h4></div></summary><div class='docblock'><p>Formats the value using the given formatter. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt">Read more</a></p>
</div></details></div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><div id="impl-Default" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#1150-1159" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#impl-Default" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/default/trait.Default.html" title="trait core::default::Default">Default</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Dispatch.html" title="struct fern::Dispatch">Dispatch</a></h3></div></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.default" class="method trait-impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#1156-1158" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.default" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/default/trait.Default.html#tymethod.default" class="fnname">default</a>() -&gt; Self</h4></div></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns a logger configuration that does nothing with log records.</p>
<p>Equivalent to <a href="#method.new"><code>Dispatch::new</code></a>.</p>
</div></details></div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><div id="impl-From%3CDispatch%3E" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#725-730" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#impl-From%3CDispatch%3E" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="struct.Dispatch.html" title="struct fern::Dispatch">Dispatch</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="struct.Output.html" title="struct fern::Output">Output</a></h3></div></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.from" class="method trait-impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="../src/fern/builders.rs.html#727-729" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.from" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fnname">from</a>(log: <a class="struct" href="struct.Dispatch.html" title="struct fern::Dispatch">Dispatch</a>) -&gt; Self</h4></div></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Creates an output logger forwarding all messages to the dispatch.</p>
</div></details></div></details></div><h2 id="synthetic-implementations" class="small-section-header">Auto Trait Implementations<a href="#synthetic-implementations" class="anchor"></a></h2><div id="synthetic-implementations-list"><div id="impl-RefUnwindSafe" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"></div><a href="#impl-RefUnwindSafe" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/panic/unwind_safe/trait.RefUnwindSafe.html" title="trait core::panic::unwind_safe::RefUnwindSafe">RefUnwindSafe</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Dispatch.html" title="struct fern::Dispatch">Dispatch</a></h3></div><div id="impl-Send" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"></div><a href="#impl-Send" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Dispatch.html" title="struct fern::Dispatch">Dispatch</a></h3></div><div id="impl-Sync" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"></div><a href="#impl-Sync" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Dispatch.html" title="struct fern::Dispatch">Dispatch</a></h3></div><div id="impl-Unpin" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"></div><a href="#impl-Unpin" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Dispatch.html" title="struct fern::Dispatch">Dispatch</a></h3></div><div id="impl-UnwindSafe" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"></div><a href="#impl-UnwindSafe" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/panic/unwind_safe/trait.UnwindSafe.html" title="trait core::panic::unwind_safe::UnwindSafe">UnwindSafe</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.Dispatch.html" title="struct fern::Dispatch">Dispatch</a></h3></div></div><h2 id="blanket-implementations" class="small-section-header">Blanket Implementations<a href="#blanket-implementations" class="anchor"></a></h2><div id="blanket-implementations-list"><details class="rustdoc-toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><div id="impl-Any" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/core/any.rs.html#132-136" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#impl-Any" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/any/trait.Any.html" title="trait core::any::Any">Any</a> for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T: 'static + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,&nbsp;</span></h3></div></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.type_id" class="method trait-impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/core/any.rs.html#133" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.type_id" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id" class="fnname">type_id</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/any/struct.TypeId.html" title="struct core::any::TypeId">TypeId</a></h4></div></summary><div class='docblock'><p>Gets the <code>TypeId</code> of <code>self</code>. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id">Read more</a></p>
</div></details></div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><div id="impl-Borrow%3CT%3E" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/core/borrow.rs.html#209-214" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html" title="trait core::borrow::Borrow">Borrow</a>&lt;T&gt; for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T: ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,&nbsp;</span></h3></div></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.borrow" class="method trait-impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/core/borrow.rs.html#211" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.borrow" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow" class="fnname">borrow</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/std/primitive.reference.html">&amp;</a>T</h4></div></summary><div class='docblock'><p>Immutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow">Read more</a></p>
</div></details></div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><div id="impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/core/borrow.rs.html#218-222" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html" title="trait core::borrow::BorrowMut">BorrowMut</a>&lt;T&gt; for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T: ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,&nbsp;</span></h3></div></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.borrow_mut" class="method trait-impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/core/borrow.rs.html#219" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.borrow_mut" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut" class="fnname">borrow_mut</a>(&amp;mut self) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/std/primitive.reference.html">&amp;mut </a>T</h4></div></summary><div class='docblock'><p>Mutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut">Read more</a></p>
</div></details></div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><div id="impl-From%3CT%3E" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#550-554" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#impl-From%3CT%3E" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;T&gt; for T</h3></div></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.from-1" class="method trait-impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#551" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.from-1" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fnname">from</a>(t: T) -&gt; T</h4></div></summary><div class='docblock'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
</div></details></div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><div id="impl-Into%3CU%3E" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#538-545" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#impl-Into%3CU%3E" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a>&lt;U&gt; for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;T&gt;,&nbsp;</span></h3></div></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.into" class="method trait-impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#542" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.into" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.Into.html#tymethod.into" class="fnname">into</a>(self) -&gt; U</h4></div></summary><div class='docblock'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
</div></details></div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><div id="impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#588-597" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;U&gt; for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a>&lt;T&gt;,&nbsp;</span></h3></div></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="rustdoc-toggle" open><summary><div id="associatedtype.Error-1" class="type trait-impl has-srclink"><a href="#associatedtype.Error-1" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype">Error</a> = <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/enum.Infallible.html" title="enum core::convert::Infallible">Infallible</a></h4></div></summary><div class='docblock'><p>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</p>
</div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.try_from" class="method trait-impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#594" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.try_from" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#tymethod.try_from" class="fnname">try_from</a>(value: U) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, &lt;T as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;U&gt;&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></div></summary><div class='docblock'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
</div></details></div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><div id="impl-TryInto%3CU%3E" class="impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#574-583" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#impl-TryInto%3CU%3E" class="anchor"></a><h3 class="code-header in-band">impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html" title="trait core::convert::TryInto">TryInto</a>&lt;U&gt; for T <span class="where fmt-newline">where<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;,&nbsp;</span></h3></div></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="rustdoc-toggle" open><summary><div id="associatedtype.Error" class="type trait-impl has-srclink"><a href="#associatedtype.Error" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype">Error</a> = &lt;U as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a></h4></div></summary><div class='docblock'><p>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</p>
</div></details><details class="rustdoc-toggle method-toggle" open><summary><div id="method.try_into" class="method trait-impl has-srclink"><div class="rightside"><a class="srclink" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#580" title="goto source code">[src]</a></div><a href="#method.try_into" class="anchor"></a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#tymethod.try_into" class="fnname">try_into</a>(self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;U, &lt;U as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.59.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></div></summary><div class='docblock'><p>Performs the conversion.</p>
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